Judgement of the Dutch Institute for Human Rights shows how difficult it is to legally prove algorithmic discrimination

Robin Pocornie, a Black woman with a bald head and glasses, with fabulous nails, sitting behind her laptop which shows her face from the webcam.

On October 17th, the Netherlands Institute for Human Rights ruled that the VU did not discriminate against bioinformatics student Robin Pocornie on the basis of race by using anti-cheating software. However, according to the institute, the VU has discriminated on the grounds of race in how they handled her complaint.

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Standing in solidarity with the Palestinian people

We at the Racism and Technology Center stand in solidarity with the Palestinian people. We condemn the violence enacted against the innocent people in Palestine and Israel, and mourn alongside all who are dead, injured and still missing. Palestinian communities are being subjected to unlawful collective punishment in Gaza and the West Bank, including the ongoing bombings and the blockade of water, food and energy. We call for an end to the blockade and an immediate ceasefire.

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Proctoring software uses fudge-factor for dark skinned students to adjust their suspicion score

An image from the patent application that shows webcam shots of a test taker with different flags of suspicious behaviour.

Respondus, a vendor of online proctoring software, has been granted a patent for their “systems and methods for assessing data collected by automated proctoring.” The patent shows that their example method for calculating a risk score is adjusted on the basis of people’s skin colour.

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Use of machine translation tools exposes already vulnerable asylum seekers to even more risks

A fence with many written messages running into the ocean at the Tijuana border.

The use of and reliance on machine translation tools in asylum seeking procedures has become increasingly common amongst government contractors and organisations working with refugees and migrants. This Guardian article highlights many of the issues documented by Respond Crisis Translation, a network of people who provide urgent interpretation services for migrants and refugees. The problems with machine translation tools occur throughout the asylum process, from border stations to detention centers to immigration courts.

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Al Jazeera asks: Can AI eliminate human bias or does it perpetuate it?

Presenter Samantha Johnson starting the Digital Dilemma online show about ‘AI & Discrimination’

In its online series of digital dilemmas, Al Jazeera takes a look at AI in relation to social inequities. Loyal readers of this newsletter will recognise many of the examples they touch on, like how Stable Diffusion exacerbates and amplifies racial and gender disparities or the Dutch childcare benefits scandal.

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Dutch police used algorithm to predict violent behaviour without any safeguards

A set of police officers sitting at desk with their computers all connected and leading their information leading to a single point.

For many years the Dutch police has used a risk modeling algorithm to predict the chance that an individual suspect will commit a violent crime. Follow the Money exposed the total lack of a moral, legal, and statistical justification for its use, and now the police has stopped using the system.

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Racist Technology in Action: The World Bank’s Poverty Targeting Algorithms Deprives People of Social Security

Illustriation with families standing at the top of an illustrated wave with people falling down from it.

A system funded by the World Bank to assess who is most in need of support, is reported to not only be faulty but also discriminatory and depriving many of their right to social security. In a recent report titled “Automated Neglect: How The World Bank’s Push to Allocate Cash Assistance Using Algorithms Threatens Rights” Human Rights Watch outlines how specifically the system used in Joran should be abandoned.

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Women of colour are leading the charge against racist AI

Ruha Benjamin presenting behind her laptop. Her slide shows two ‘provocations’: racism is productice; it constructs, and race & technology are coproduced

In this Dutch-language piece for De Groene Amsterdammer, Marieke Rotman offers an accessible introduction of the main voices, both internationally and in the Netherlands, tirelessly fighting against racism and discrimination in AI-systems. Not coincidentally, most of the people doing this labour are women of colour. The piece guides you through their impressive work and leading perspectives on the dynamics of racism and technology.

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Racist Technology in Action: How Pokéman Go inherited existing racial inequities

A hand holding a phone with Pokémon Go on it, in a green garden which has the Croagunk pokémon in it.

When Aura Bogado was playing Pokémon Go in a much Whiter neighbourhood than the one where she lived, she noticed how many more PokéStops were suddenly available. She then crowdsourced locations of these stops and found out, with the Urban Institute think tank, that there were on average 55 PokéStops in majority White neighbourhoods and 19 in neighbourhoods that were majority Black.

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France wants to legalise mass surveillance for the Paris Olympics 2024: “Safety” and “security”, for whom?

A wall of surveillance cameras all pointing in the same direction.

Many governments are using mass surveillance to support law enforcement for the purposes of safety and security. In France, the French Parliament (and before, the French Senate) have approved the use of automated behavioural video surveillance at the 2024 Paris Olympics. Simply put, France wants to legalise mass surveillance at the national level which can violate many rights, such as the freedom of assembly and association, privacy, and non-discrimination.

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Racist Technology in Action: Stable Diffusion exacerbates and amplifies racial and gender disparities

Many different faces of “A color photograph of a housekeeper” generated by Stable Diffusion, showing mostly women of colour.

Bloomberg’s researchers used Stable Diffusion to gauge the magnitude of biases in generative AI. Through an analysis of more than 5,000 images created by Stable Diffusion, they have found that it takes racial and gender disparities to extremes. The results are worse than those found in the real world.

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Attempts to eliminate bias through diversifying datasets? A distraction from the root of the problem

Nine different images of Hito Steyerls as found via haveibeentrained.com

In this eloquent and haunting piece by Hito Steyerl, she weaves the ongoing narratives of the eugenicist history of statistics with its integration into machine learning. She elaborates why the attempts to eliminate bias in facial recognition technology through diversifying datasets obscures the root of the problem: machine learning and automation are fundamentally reliant on extracting and exploiting human labour.

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Racist Technology in Action: Image recognition is still not capable of differentiating gorillas from Black people

our rows of ten photos showing different animals (many apes) and people at a zoo

If this title feels like a deja-vu it is because you most likely have, in fact, seen this before (perhaps even in our newsletter). It was back in 2015 that the controversy first arose when Google released image recognition software that kept mislabelling Black people as gorillas (read here and here).

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Racist Technology in Action: You look similar to someone we didn’t like → Dutch visa denied

A Dutch visa stamp on the left and data being fed into a computer chip on the right.

Ignoring earlier Dutch failures in automated decision making, and ignoring advice from its own experts, the Dutch ministry of Foreign Affairs has decided to cut costs and cut corners through implementing a discriminatory profiling system to process visa applications.

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What problems are AI-systems even solving? “Apparently, too few people ask that question”

A portrait photo of Felienne Hermans

In this interview with Felienne Hermans, Professor Computer Science at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, she discusses the sore lack of divesity in the white male-dominated world of programming, the importance of teaching people how to code and, the problematic uses of AI-systems.

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Racist Technology in Action: Racial disparities in the scoring system used for housing allocation in L.A.

In another investigation by The Markup, significant racial disparities were found in the assessment system used by the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority (LAHSA), the body responsible for coordinating homelessness services in Los Angeles. This assessment system is reliant on a tool, called the Vulnerability Index-Service Prioritisation Decision Assistance Tool, or VI-SPDAT, to score and assess whether people can qualify for subsidised permanent housing.

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Stories of everyday life with AI in the global majority

This collection by the Data & Society Research Institute sheds an intimate and grounded light on what impact AI-systems can have. The guiding question that connects all of the 13 non-fiction pieces in Parables of AI in/from the Majority world: An Anthology is what stories can be told about a world in which solving societal issues is more and more dependent on AI-based and data-driven technologies? The book, edited by Rigoberto Lara Guzmán, Ranjit Singh and Patrick Davison, through narrating ordinary, everyday experiences in the majority world, slowly disentangles the global and unequally distributed impact of digital technologies.

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Denmark’s welfare fraud system reflects a deeply racist and exclusionary society

As part of a series of investigative reporting by Lighthouse Reports and WIRED, Gabriel Geiger has revealed some of the findings about the use of welfare fraud algorithms in Denmark. This comes in the trajectory of the increasing use of algorithmic systems to detect welfare fraud across European cities, or at least systems which are currently known.

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The cheap, racialised, Kenyan workers making ChatGPT “safe”

Stories about the hidden and exploitative racialised labour which fuels the development of technologies continue to surface, and this time it is on ChatGPT. Billy Perrigo, who previously reported on Meta’s content moderation sweatshop and on whistleblower Daniel Moutang, who took Meta to court, has shed light on how OpenAI has relied upon outsourced exploitative labour in Kenya to make ChatGPT less toxic.

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Quantifying bias in society with ChatGTP-like tools

The book cover of the Alightment Poblem: Machine Learning and Human Values, by Brian Christian. Has unaligned wires and aligned wires.

ChatGPT is an implementation of a so-called ‘large language model’. These models are trained on text from the internet at large. This means that these models inherent the bias that exists in our language and in our society. This has an interesting consequence: it suddenly becomes possible to see how bias changes through the times in a quantitative and undeniable way.

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Racist Technology in Action: The “underdiagnosis bias” in AI algorithms for health: Chest radiographs

An radiograph of a chest.

This study builds upon work in algorithmic bias, and bias in healthcare. The use of AI-based diagnostic tools has been motivated by a shortage of radiologists globally, and research which shows that AI algorithms can match specialist performance (particularly in medical imaging). Yet, the topic of AI-driven underdiagnosis has been relatively unexplored.

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